face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n-z?|a- 'to reproach'
face="Times New Roman Star"sa:n-
face="Times New Roman Star"jana-
face="Times New Roman Star"z?an-, z?an|-, z?|any-, zany-
face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n-
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 942, ЭСТЯ 4, 114, Лексика 564. Turk. > WMong. z?|anu-, Kalm. zan- (KW 466). The Turkm. form is related to *jenc?- 'crush' in ЭСТЯ 185; the latter has also a variant *janc?-, and the Turkm. form may in fact reflect a contamination of these two roots.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 955, VEWT 208, ЭСТЯ 4, 223-224. Turk. > Mong. jor- (Щербак 1997, 125). The root should be distinguished from *jo":r- 'to untie, release' (Yak. su"o"r-, OT jo"r-) - the latter is different both phonetically and semantically, although it can, through contamination, also attain the meaning 'to interpret' (thus in MK and OUygh.).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 bone 2 spongy bone 3 cartilage
face="Times New Roman Star"1 кость 2 губчатая кость 3 хрящ
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kimek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kemu"k (MA) 3, ko"mu"k (Pav. C.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko|mik, ge|mik (dial.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ke:mik 3
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kimek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"gemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kemyk 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"gemik 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, EDT 722, ЭСТЯ 5, 36-38, Лексика 261-262. Turk. > Mong. kemik 'cartilage' (see Щербак 1997, 126; but the derivation of the Turk. form from *gemu"r- 'to gnaw' (v. sub *ke>\ma) is a folk etymology, although some contaminations were possible: Yak. ko"mu"ru"o" 'spongy bone' semantically continues *kemu"k, but formally is derived from *gemu"r-. MK has kemdi- 'to cut meat from the bones' and kemdu"k 'bone with meat cut off' - forms that may be related both to *kemu"k and *gemu"r-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"pek
face="Times New Roman Star"1 dog 2 hound 3 sheep-dog 4 yard dog 5 puppy
face="Times New Roman Star"1 собака 2 охотничий пес 3 овчарка 4 дворовая собака 5 щенок
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek (Pav. C., AH) 1, ko"belek 2 (OKypch.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ko.ppa"k 1; ko"pa"k 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pa"k 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bo"k 'ethnonym; name of a hero'
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pe 1 (K)
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"belek 3, go"ben it 4
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 291, TMN 3, 646-647, ЭСТЯ 5, 111-112, Лексика 189. Basically an Oghuz word, but cf. also Kum. go"ben, OKypch. ko"belek 'shepherd's dog' (Bulgat, ad-Durr., Houts., AH) = Tur. dial. go"belek 'puppy' (possibly < Kypch.), see ЭСТЯ ibid. Despite ЭСТЯ, Kirgh. qara ko"bo"lo"k 'evil spirit appearing as a girl dressed in black and with a black greyhound' is rather = ko"bo"lo"k 'butterfly' (cf. the archaic mythological motive of evil spirit appearing as a butterfly), but a contamination with the word for dog attested in Old Kypchak also cannot be excluded. However, Kalm. ko"wl@g 'greyhound' is not < Kirgh., but from Old Kypchak. The same source is probable for Russ. кобель, dimin. кобеле'к (a re-analysis?) - the word is absent in other Slavic languages, the list of absolutely hopeless etymological attempts can be found in Фасмер II 267. It was attested for the first time in 1599 as a term for a hounting hound: у государевы царевы охоты у кобелей у меделянскихъ; the form кобелек (attested in 1673) see in СРЯ XI-XVIII, 7, 208. Turk. > Hung. kopo/ 'bloodhound', see Gombocz 1912 (Doerfer in TMN 3, 647 objects, but the word has no Finno-Ugric etymology).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 many, very 2 vile, hooligan 3 to gather, multiply 4 group, crowd
face="Times New Roman Star"1 много, очень 2 дурной, хулиган, баловник 3 собирать(ся), размножать(ся) 4 толпа, множество
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 (ДТС - KB), c?o:q 2 (MK - Oghuz), c?og|-al- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ok (-g|u) 1, c?og|al- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 (Sangl., Oghuz-nama, AH), c?oq- 3 (Abush.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1, c?oxal- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq (-qu) 4
face="Times New Roman Star"sox 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?og| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?og|yr 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oq 'дружно'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oju 4, c?oq-la-n- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1, c?og|y 4 (K)
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oq 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, EDT 405, 406. The Oghuz adverb 'much', in the 12th c. (KB) 'very, extremely', is probably the same word as c?oq 'bad, vile'(Ogh. 11) (cf. also the Tuva parallel). Turk. > Mong. (Khalkha) cox in coxxara 'very black'. The identification of c?oq-(la-) 'gather, collect' with c?og|-la- 'to bind, pack' (ДТС) or c?oq- 'to bend' (EDT) is rather dubious. Vocalic length is unclear (cf. the voicing of -k- in Western Oghuz).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937-8. Historically the root should be probably kept distinct from *jum- 'round' and *jumurtka 'egg' - although internal contaminations were of course inevitable.
face="Times New Roman Star"qajry 1, dial. qajyz 1; qajyzla- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|o|q 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qazdyq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xastyryx 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xujъr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qatyryk 1; xasta:- 'to skin'
face="Times New Roman Star"kasta:- 'to skin'
face="Times New Roman Star"qazyryq 2, qazy- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qa's- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qajry, dial. qajyd| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, 243, EDT 608, 665, ЭСТЯ 5, 211-212, 328, Федотов 2, 352, Лексика 107. The original form here is *Kar/; a suffixed form was *Kar/dy(r/), later simplified to *Kadyr/. This can be clearly seen from forms like SUygh. and Khak. Another possible explanation could be an early dissimilation (*Kar/-yr/ > *Kadyr/ = *Kad|yr/, or already after the zetacism, *Kazyz > *Kad|yz). There is some confusion between *Kar/ and *Kas, *Kasuk in Old Turkic, but MK definitely spells the word as qaz.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дым 2 копоть, сажа 3 запах, аромат 4 испарения
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 2 (MK), 'mist' (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 4
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The root originally meant 'soot, smoke' and should be strictly kept distinct from PT *jyd- 'smell' and *yjs 'smell, odour, fumes', although they have a natural tendency to merge. See VEWT 167, 170, EDT 254, 883, ЭСТЯ 1, 379-382, Лексика 370-371.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 nose 2 to snuffle 3 beak, snout 4 parched nose (phras.) 5 nose bridge
face="Times New Roman Star"1 нос 2 гнусавить 3 клюв, морда 4 пересохший (о носе) 5 переносица
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|raq `palate' (MK - ДТС)
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ryq, qarq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gan|s?yravuq 'nasal cavity', Gon|ursa- 'to reek'
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq (Tel.) (R II, 82); qon|yr 5 (R II 521), Tel. (Верб.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xan|ynaj- 2; xon|uru:, xan|yry: 5 (Пек.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 3, xa:s? 'nasal', qon|zan| 'crook-nosed'
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq 4, qon|ursu- 'to reek'
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|g|yryq (dial.) 'hard palate'
face="Times New Roman Star"The root is no doubt archaic, although not widely attested. On its modern reflexes see VEWT 232, Лексика 215-216 (some of the listed forms are < Mong., but certainly not all.), ЭСТЯ 6, 66.
